World of Programming Languages

Top Programming Languages to Learn in 2021 .  1.Python   Python is one of the most commonly used programming languages today and is easy for beginners to learn because of its readability.  It is a free, open-source programming language with extensive support modules and community development, easy integration with web services, user-friendly data structures, and GUI-based desktop applications.  It is a popular programming language for machine learning and deep learning applications. Python is used to develop 2D imaging and 3D animation packages like Blender, Inkscape, and Autodesk. It has also been used to create popular video games, including Civilization IV, Vegas Trike, and Toontown. Python is used for scientific and computational applications like FreeCAD and Abacus and also by popular websites like YouTube, Quora, Pinterest, and Instagram.  Python developers earn average annual salaries of about $72,500. Level: Beginner – Python enables a beginner to become productive quickly

  An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. Nearly every computer program requires an operating system to function. The two most common operating systems are Microsoft Windows and Apple's macOS. Windows is the operating system; Microsoft Office is a program. Think of it this way .... Your operating system is like the engine of your car.

 Alternative PHP Cache is a free and open (PHP license) framework that caches the output of the PHP bytecode compiler in shared memory, thus reducing parsing and disk I/O overhead for later requests; and a shared memory cache for user data. For an application consisting of a large source code base such as Drupal, a 3x increase in page generation speed is possible as a result. It has been used at Facebook and has a mature codebase thanks to numerous contributors, including Facebook itself. APC was originally scheduled for inclusion into the PHP core no later than PHP 6.While multiple accelerator projects were considered desirable, the focus has since moved to Optimizer Plus, and, later, Zend Opcache that is included in the core distribution as of PHP 5.5. Since March 2013, a beta version of APCu (APC User Cache) is available, in which all opcode caching abilities have been removed to support user caches in shared memory using the familiar APC API. Website: http://pecl.php.net/package/AP

 PHP includes various free and open-source libraries in its source distribution, or uses them in resulting PHP binary builds. PHP is fundamentally an Internet-aware system with built-in modules for accessing File Transfer Protocol (FTP) servers and many database servers, including PostgreSQL, MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server and SQLite (which is an embedded database), LDAP servers, and others. Numerous functions familiar to C programmers, such as those in the stdio family, are available in standard PHP builds. PHP allows developers to write extensions in C to add functionality to the PHP language. PHP extensions can be compiled statically into PHP or loaded dynamically at runtime. Numerous extensions have been written to add support for the Windows API, process management on Unix-like operating systems, multibyte strings (Unicode), cURL, and several popular compression formats. Other PHP features made available through extensions include integration with IRC, dynamic generation of images an

  There are two primary ways for adding support for PHP to a web server – as a native web server module, or as a CGI executable. PHP has a direct module interface called Server Application Programming Interface (SAPI), which is supported by many web servers including Apache HTTP Server, Microsoft IIS, Netscape (now defunct) and iPlanet. Some other web servers, such as OmniHTTPd, support the Internet Server Application Programming Interface (ISAPI), which is a Microsoft's web server module interface. If PHP has no module support for a web server, it can always be used as a Common Gateway Interface (CGI) or FastCGI processor; in that case, the web server is configured to use PHP's CGI executable to process all requests to PHP files. PHP-FPM (FastCGI Process Manager) is an alternative FastCGI implementation for PHP, bundled with the official PHP distribution since version 5.3.3. When compared to the older FastCGI implementation, it contains some additional features, mostly useful

 PHP code is usually processed on a web server by a PHP interpreter implemented as a module, a daemon or as a Common Gateway Interface (CGI) executable. On a web server, the result of the interpreted and executed PHP code – which may be any type of data, such as generated HTML or binary image data – would form the whole or part of an HTTP response. Various web template systems, web content management systems, and web frameworks exist which can be employed to orchestrate or facilitate the generation of that response. Additionally, PHP can be used for many programming tasks outside the web context, such as standalone graphical applications and robotic drone control. PHP code can also be directly executed from the command line. The standard PHP interpreter, powered by the Zend Engine, is free software released under the PHP License. PHP has been widely ported and can be deployed on most web servers on a variety of operating systems and platforms. The PHP language evolved without a written

  Torvalds announced in 1996 that there would be a mascot for Linux, a penguin. This was because when they were about to select the mascot, Torvalds mentioned he was bitten by a little penguin (Eudyptula minor) on a visit to the National Zoo & Aquarium in Canberra, Australia. Larry Ewing provided the original draft of today's well known mascot based on this description. The name Tux was suggested by James Hughes as derivative of Torvalds' UniX, along with being short for tuxedo, a type of suit with color similar to that of a penguin.

 In 1992, Andrew S. Tanenbaum, recognized computer scientist and author of the Minix microkernel system, wrote a Usenet article on the newsgroup comp.os.minix with the title "Linux is obsolete",[38] which marked the beginning of a famous debate about the structure of the then-recent Linux kernel. Among the most significant criticisms were that: The kernel was monolithic and thus old-fashioned. The lack of portability, due to the use of exclusive features of the Intel 386 processor. "Writing a new operating system that is closely tied to any particular piece of hardware, especially a weird one like the Intel line, is basically wrong."[39] There was no strict control of the source code by any individual person.[40] Linux employed a set of features which were useless (Tanenbaum believed that multithreaded file systems were simply a "performance hack").[41] Tanenbaum's prediction that Linux would become outdated within a few years and replaced by GNU Hurd

 Linux was originally developed for personal computers based on the Intel x86 architecture, but has since been ported to more platforms than any other operating system.Because of the dominance of the Linux-based Android on smartphones, Linux also has the largest installed base of all general-purpose operating systems.Although it is used by only around 2.3 percent of desktop computers,[26][27] the Chromebook, which runs the Linux kernel-based Chrome OS, dominates the US K–12 education market and represents nearly 20 percent of sub-$300 notebook sales in the US. Linux is the leading operating system on servers (over 96.4% of the top 1 million web servers' operating systems are Linux), leads other big iron systems such as mainframe computers, and is the only OS used on TOP500 supercomputers (since November 2017, having gradually eliminated all competitors). Linux also runs on embedded systems, i.e. devices whose operating system is typically built into the firmware and is highly tailo

 JavaScript is the world's most popular programming language. JavaScript is the programming language of the Web. JavaScript is easy to learn. This tutorial will teach you JavaScript from basic to advanced. Use the Menu We recommend reading this tutorial, in the sequence listed in the menu. If you have a large screen, the menu will always be present on the left. If you have a small screen, open the menu by clicking the top menu sign ☰.

  The   Java Class Library   is the   standard library , developed to support application development in Java. It is controlled by   Oracle   in cooperation with others through the   Java Community Process   program. [70]   Companies or individuals participating in this process can influence the design and development of the APIs. This process has been a subject of controversy during the 2010s. [71]   The class library contains features such as: The core libraries, which include: IO/ NIO Networking  (NOTE: new  HTTP Client  since Java 11) Reflection Concurrency Generics Scripting/Compiler Functional programming  (Lambda, Streaming) Collection libraries  that implement  data structures  such as  lists ,  dictionaries ,  trees ,  sets ,  queues  and  double-ended queue , or  stacks [72] XML  Processing (Parsing, Transforming, Validating) libraries Security [73] Internationalization and localization  libraries [74] The integration libraries, which allow the application writer to communica

 The Java Development Kit (JDK) is an implementation of either one of the Java Platform, Standard Edition, Java Platform, Enterprise Edition, or Java Platform, Micro Edition platforms[1] released by Oracle Corporation in the form of a binary product aimed at Java developers on Solaris, Linux, macOS or Windows. The JDK includes a private JVM and a few other resources to finish the development of a Java application.[2] Since the introduction of the Java platform, it has been by far the most widely used Software Development Kit (SDK).[citation needed] Java Development Kit Developer(s) Oracle Corporation Stable release 17.0.0 / 14 September 2021; 16 days ago Operating system Windows NT, macOS (x64), Linux, Solaris Platform IA-32, x64, ARM, SPARC Type Software development kit License Sun License (most of it also under GPL) Website www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/ The JDK is available for 64-bit x64 macOS (and that version also works with Rosetta 2), while an early access build (developer pr

  The traditional   Hello world program   can be written in Java as: [57] public class HelloWorldApp { public static void main ( String [] args ) { System . out . println ( "Hello World!" ); // Prints the string to the console. } } All source files must be named after the public class they contain, appending the suffix  .java , for example,  HelloWorldApp.java . It must first be compiled into bytecode, using a  Java compiler , producing a file with the  .class  suffix ( HelloWorldApp.class , in this case). Only then can it be executed or launched. The Java source file may only contain one public class, but it can contain multiple classes with a non-public access modifier and any number of public  inner classes . When the source file contains multiple classes, it is necessary to make one class (introduced by the  class  keyword) public (preceded by the  public  keyword) and name the source file with that public class name. A class that is not decl